Chandrotsava

A manipravalakavya in Malayalam, also known as Chandrikamahotsava and Medinichandrotsava.It is split into 5 khandas and has over 570 shlokas. It is believed to have been written in 16 AD. The background is thus.

Once a gandharva and his consort were making love in the Marataka mountain, when a scent reached them. She requested him to get her the flower. He reached Chittilapally in Kerala after a long search and learned that it emanated from the chandrotsava being celebrated by a prostitute named Medinivennila. The story is about his narration to his consort of the 6 days of celebrations which he saw there.

Near Chittilapally was born a prostitute named Mati. Medinivennila was her daughter and an incarnation of Chandra’s wife Chandrika. The reason for this is that once Shachi conducted a chandrotsava in devaloka. Menaka and Chandra fell in love with each other there and promised to meet each other there. But Chandrika arrived there in Menaka’s form and fooled Chandra. Chandra was angry and cursed that she would be born as a prostitute, and said that she would be released when a chandrotsava was celebrated. That was why Medinivennila had conducted a chandrotsava. It is also believed that this was a festival to appease Kama.

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Chandrashwa

The son of Kuvalayashwa, an Ikshvaku king. He had 2 brothers – Dridhashwa and Kapilashwa as per Mahabharata Vanaparva Chapter 24.

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Chandravaloka

The king of Chitrakuta. Once after a hunt, he rested by a stream. There he met Indivaraprabha, the daughter of Kanva and Menaka. It was love at first sight and as per Kanva’s advice, the king swore not to hunt animals from then on. Kanva gave her to the king. On their journey back, they slept on the banks of a stream owned by a brahmarakshas. She captured them and released them on the condition that they would give her a 7 year old brahmin boy. They conferred with the minister Sumati and on his advice, the king had a golden statue of a brahmin boy made, and proclaimed that he would give it in exchange for a 7 year old brahmin boy. They got a boy whom they gave to the rakshas as per Kathasaritasagara Shashankavatilambaka Taranga 27.

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Chandrangada

Nala’s grandson who married the daughter of the Aryavarta king Chitravarma – Seemantini. The princess had heard of Chandrangada when she was young and had had fallen in love with him. She married him with the help of Yajnavalkya’s wife Maitreyi. Once Chandrangada went to the Kalindi river for a boat race with his friends. The boats were all sunk in a sudden storm. Many died, but Chandrangada was dragged down by Thakshaka’s henchmen. He lived there for a while in the company of the naga princesses. His subjects, meanwhile, thought him dead and conducted his last rites. Seemantini lived as a widow and enemies defeated the old king Indrasena, imprisoned him and took over Chandrangada’s kingdom. Meanwhile, Thakshaka asked Chandrangada to marry the naga princesses and live there. He then told Thakshaka that he would like to return to Seemantini.

Thakshaka sent him on a white horse and gifted him a rakshasa and a young naga. He surfaced at Kalindi, where Seemantini had started staying. When the news spread, the other kings released Indrasena and apologised to Chandrangada. He forgave them. Both husband and wife had much faith in somavaravrata. Parvati was pleased by Seemantini’s devotion and blessed her.

Two brahmins named Saraswata and Devamitra were living in the kingdom then. Their sons were  Samava, and Sumedha respectively, who were all learned, but poor. Because of this, they couldn’t find wives. They approached Chandrangada and Seematini in the hope of getting some money. They narrated the story, and then Seemantini got Sumedha and Samava to don the garbs of groom and bride respectively and parade around the palace. After the parade was over, Samava remained a female and Seemantini named her Samavati. Saraswata learned of this and asked sages if this could be reversed, but couldn’t. They opined that only Parvati could. From then on they lived as husband and wife as per Shivapurana Somavaravrata.

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Chandrapeeda

A son of Janamejaya. Arjuna – Abhimanyu – Parikshit – Janamejaya. Janamejaya married the Kashi princess Vapushtama and they had 2 sons – Suryapeeda and Chandrapeeda. Chandrapeeda had a hundred warrior sons and the eldest was Satyakarna. His son was Shwetakarna, who married Sucharu’s daughter Yadavi as per Bhavishaparva Chapter 1.

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Chandrahasa (2)

Ravana’s sword. After getting a boon from Brahma, Ravana set about conquering the worlds. He finally reached Kailash and was stopped by Nandikesha. Ravana said he would uproot the whole mountain and throw Nandi’s master away. He kept all of his 20 hands under the mountain and shook it. Parvati was frightened and hurried towards Shiva. Shiva realised what was happening with his divine sight and he pushed the mountain downwards. Ravana’s fingers were crushed and he couldn’t take his hands away. He prayed to Shiva for a thousand years. Shiva finally appeared, blessed him and gave him the sword Chandrahasa and it won him many battles as per Uttararamayana.

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Chandrahasa (1)

The son of Sudharmika, the king of Kerala. As per Jaimini Ashwamedhaparva, he had an extra finger on his left leg, a sign of poverty. Enemies of the king killed him as soon as the child was born, and soon the queen too. A palace attendant took the child to Kaundalapuri. In 3 years, she too died and the child became a beggar. A few women began taking care of him. One day, he reached the house of Drishtabudhi. A feast was happening there, and the brahmins there commented that the child would become king one day, and also that he would protect Drishtabudhi’s wealth. But Drishtabudhi, who was a minister, was angered and ordered his servants to kill him. They took him into the forest to kill him, but felt pity on him and cut away his extra finger to show it to Drishtabudhi as proof. As the child was roaming through the forest, the king of Kalinda, who was there on a hunt, spotted him, and took him to the palace.

They named him Chandrahasa and gave him an education. When he was 12, he set out on a war meant to conquer every surrounding kingdom. He returned victorious, and was greeted by the citizens with joy. As per the king’s instructions, he sent a share to the king of Kaundala. It was Drishtabudhi who immediately set out to Kalinda to see Chandrahasa. He learned of Chandrahasa’s past and wanted to kill him. He sent a letter to his son Madana, through Chandrahasa himself, to do the needful. On the way, as he was resting by a stream, Chambakamalini, the princess of Kaundala and her friend Vishaya, daughter of Drishtabudhi, came there. The princess fell in love and seeing the letter near him, read it. She was horrified to learn that the instructions were to kill him. She changed visha (poison) to Vishaya and the letter now meant that Vishaya was to be given to him. Madana was thus happy to receive him, and Vishaya fancied him as her husband too. Chandrahasa married Vishaya, but meanwhile Drishtabudhi had conquered Kalinda and with all the wealth, returned to Kaundalapuri, to learn about the marriage. Drishtabudhi still wanted to kill Chandrahasa and asked the latter to visit a devi temple. He had employed two people to kill Chandrahasa there, but it was Madana who was killed. By this time, the Kaundala king had given his daughter Chambakamalini and his kingdom to Chandrahasa. The king retired to the forest. Drishtabudhi was livid on knowing this, and was further depressed when he found that Madana had been killed. He killed himself by beating his head on the temple floor. Chandrahasa was distressed on hearing this and began a devi sacrifice with his own flesh. The goddess was pleased and gave Drishtabudhi and Madana their lives back. The Kalinda king, fearing further persecution by Drishtabudhi, was preparing to kill himself, with his wife. But Drishtabudhi arrived just in time to give them news of Chandrahasa. Chandrahasa also took over the rule of Kalinda.

He was a competent king and even stopped Yudhishtira’s ashwamedha horse. On Krishna’s advice, Arjuna made peace with him. Chandrahasa had a son named Makaraksha with Vishaya and Padmaksha with Chambakamalini.

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